Iingubo ezingangeni manzi zizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo, kwiibhulorho, kwiitonela, kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokuhambela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengubo ezingangeni manzi ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nakwiimeko. Eli nqaku liza kuxoxa ngeentlobo eziphambili zeengubo ezingangeni manzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokweenkcukacha.
Isahluko 1: Iingubo Eziqinileyo Ezingangeni Manzi
Iingubo ezingangeni manzi eziqinileyo zenza iifilimu eziqinileyo, kodwa ezingenalo ukuguquguquka. Ngokuyintloko zenza iipropati zokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi ngokuphendula izinto zazo ezisebenzayo zeekhemikhali kwisiseko sekhonkrithi okanye ngokuziqinisa zibe yisakhiwo esixineneyo.
Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neempawu:
1. Iingubo ezingangeni manzi ezisebenzisa isamente ezifaka ikristale
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Izinto ezisebenzayo zeekhemikhali ezikule mibala, xa kukho amanzi, zingena kwiimbobo kunye neemifantu ezincinci ngaphakathi kwikhonkrithi, zisabela kwiimveliso zokufunxa isamente ukuze zenze iikristale ze-dendritic ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini, zivale ngempumelelo iimbobo kwaye zenze i-concrete ibe nkulu ngakumbi. Uphawu oluphawulekayo kukuba xa amanzi ephuma kwiimfantu ezintsha kwikhonkrithi, izinto eziseleyo ezingaphendulwanga ziyavuselelwa, nto leyo evumela "ukuziphilisa." Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukungena okuphezulu, amandla okuziphilisa, ukumelana noxinzelelo lwamanzi, ukunamathela okuhle kwisiseko sekhonkrithi, kunye nomaleko ongangeni manzi onobomi obulingana nolwakhiwo.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Amadama amakhulu, amachibi, iitanki zokucoca amdaka, njl.njl.; imigudu engaphantsi komhlaba, iindlela ezingaphantsi komhlaba, iigaraji ezingaphantsi komhlaba, iiprojekthi zokhuseleko lomoya, njl.njl.; imigangatho kunye neendonga zekhitshi kunye negumbi lokuhlambela zangaphakathi, ezilungele ngakumbi iindawo eziya kufuna ukufakelwa iithayile kamva.
2. I-Polymer Cement Udongwe olungangeni manzi
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Yenziwe ngomxube wesamente, i-aggregate encinci, kunye ne-polymer emulsion enemolekyuli ephezulu. I-polymer yenza i-membrane elastiki ngaphakathi kwe-mortar, edityaniswe neemveliso ze-samente hydration, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ubulukhuni be-mortar eqhelekileyo kwaye iphucula ukunamathela kwayo kunye nokungangeni kwayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili: Amandla aphezulu okucinezelwa, ukumelana nokwaluphala, ukunamathela okuqinileyo, kunye nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nokungabi natyhefu.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi ekwakheni iindonga zangaphandle; ukuthintela ukufuma kwiindonga ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye neemigangatho; ulwelo olungangeni manzi kwiidama zokudada kunye neetanki zamanzi; kwaye njengesiseko sokufaka iithayile, ukufezekisa ulwakhiwo "lokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kunye neethayile ezidibeneyo".
Isishwankathelo seNkqubo zokuNqanda amanzi eziQondileyo: Iingenelo zazo zikwimeko yokuba namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqobhoka, kunye nokuqina, kwaye zinokufakwa ngqo kwi-samente mortar plaster okanye kwi-tile laying emva kokusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, ubuthathaka bazo obubalulekileyo kukungakwazi kwazo ukumelana nokwandiswa kunye nokuqhekeka komaleko osisiseko. Nje ukuba kuvele imifantu emitsha kwisakhiwo, umaleko wokungangeni manzi nawo uya kuqhekeka kwaye ungasebenzi. Ke ngoko, zifanelekile ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezizinzileyo kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci, okanye kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kumswakama ngaphakathi.
Isahluko 2: Iingubo zokungangeni manzi eziguquguqukayo
Iingubo zokuthintela amanzi eziguquguqukayo zenza iingubo ezinobude obugqwesileyo, ukuthamba, kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka, ezilungelelanisa kakuhle ukuqhekeka okuncinci kunye nokufuduka komaleko osisiseko. Okwangoku zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokuphucula ikhaya kunye nokwakha.
Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neempawu:
1. Iingubo zokungangeni manzi zePolymer Emulsion (iiAcrylates)
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: I-emulsion ye-acrylic enobunzima obuphezulu yeyona nto iphambili eyenza ifilimu, eyenza ifilimu ngokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokudibana kwamasuntswana e-emulsion. Le yingubo esekwe emanzini enenxalenye enye.
Iimpawu eziphambili: Inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ayinatyhefu, ayinangcoliseko, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyakwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle, inamathela ngokuqinileyo, kwaye inombala ohlengahlengiswayo (ngesiqhelo umhlophe okanye ungwevu).
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukuthintela amanzi ngaphakathi ekhitshini nakwigumbi lokuhlambela; ukuthintela amanzi ngaphandle eludongeni kunye nokuhombisa ngokumelana ne-UV; ukuthintela amanzi kancinci eluphahleni, okufanelekileyo kuphahla olunemiqolomba emide kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi amancinci.
2. Ukwaleka okungangenwa manzi okusekelwe kwisamente ye-JS Polymer
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Olu phawu luneenxalenye ezimbini luqulathe i-polymer emulsion kunye nezinto ezigudileyo ezifana nesamente. Ludibanisa ukuqina kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nokuqina kwezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ngokulungisa umlinganiselo wolwelo kumgubo, uphahla olunemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuguquguquka lunokufezekiswa.
Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukudibanisa ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka, amandla aphezulu kakhulu ebhondi, ukusetyenziswa okulula, kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Ukuthintela amanzi endlwini ngokupheleleyo, okufanelekileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zezicelo zokuhombisa ikhaya, kuquka iikhitshi, amagumbi okuhlambela, iibhalkhoni, kunye neendonga kunye nemigangatho engaphantsi komhlaba; ukuthintela amanzi kwiiphahla kunye nemigangatho engaphantsi komhlaba engatyhilekanga; kunye nokuthintela amanzi kwiidama zokubhukuda kunye namachibi.
3. Ukwaleka okungangenwa manzi yiPolyurethane
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Olu phawu lwento enye okanye ezimbini lwenziwe nge-polymerization reaction ye-isocyanates kunye ne-polyethers, kulandele ukongezwa kwezizalisi kunye nezongezo. Uphawu oluvelayo luqinile, luyanwebeka, kwaye lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Iimpawu eziphambili: Ukwandiswa kakhulu, ukubuyiselwa kwe-elastic ephezulu, ukumelana namanzi okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokukrweleka, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Uphawu lwento enye luyanyangeka ngokufuma komoya, ngelixa uphawu lwento ezimbini lufuna umlinganiselo othile wokuxuba ukuze kunyangwe.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Iindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuguquguquka: Iindawo ezidityanisiweyo ezifana neendawo zokwandisa izakhiwo, iingcambu zemibhobho, kunye neekona zangaphakathi nezangaphandle; Iindawo ezinendawo yokuntywiliselwa emanzini ixesha elide: Umgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba, amachibi okudada, amachibi okugcina amanzi, iibhulorho, njl.njl.; Ukuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi kophahla okusebenzayo kakhulu.
4. Ukwaleka okungangenwa manzi kwePolyurea
Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Olu gqubuthelo lunokuthathwa njengohlobo oluphuculweyo lwe-polyurethane, olwenziwe yimpendulo yecandelo le-isocyanate kunye necandelo le-amino compound. Isantya salo sokusabela esikhawulezayo kakhulu sivumela ukuphiliswa kwangoko ngaphandle kwe-catalyst.
Iimpawu eziphambili: Iimpawu zomzimba eziphezulu kakhulu (amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokukrweleka), ukumelana nemozulu okuhle kakhulu (ukumelana ne-UV, ukumelana nokubanda nobushushu), umxholo we-100% yezinto eziqinileyo (i-zero volatiles, i-zero VOC), amandla okugquma angenamthungo, kunye nokomisa ngokukhawuleza.
Izicelo eziphambili:
Iindawo ezingqongileyo ezingaqhelekanga kunye neeprojekthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu: Uloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, iitonela zendlela engaphantsi komhlaba, izibonelelo zokugcina amanzi, kunye nomgangatho onganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali.
Uphahla olusebenza kakuhle kunye nezitendi zemidlalo: Zingamelana nokubonakala ngqo ngaphandle kwaye zihlale ixesha elide. Iipaki zamanzi, amachibi amaza, kunye nezinye iindawo zokuzonwabisa: Azigugi, azityibiliki, kwaye zinemibala.
Isishwankathelo seNkqubo eziGuquguqukayo ezingangeni manzi: Ixabiso eliphambili leengubo eziguquguqukayo lixhomekeke kubuchule bazo bokujongana ngempumelelo noxinzelelo olubangelwa kukuhlala kwesakhiwo kunye nokwanda kobushushu kunye nokucutheka. Ukukhetha kufuneka kusekelwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lokuguquka okulindelweyo komaleko wesiseko, iimeko zokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
Isahluko 3: Iingubo ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela amanzi
1. Ukwaleka kwamanzi ngeAsphalt yerabha
Iimpawu kunye nezicelo: Olu gqubuthelo lusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutshiza ukwenza umaleko oqinileyo, onamandla aphezulu, nowobude obuphezulu ongangeni manzi. Ayinamthungo kwaye isebenza kakuhle, ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwizakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga, ulwakhiwo olukhulu, kunye neeprojekthi zokulungisa ezingxamisekileyo.
2. Ukwaleka okungangeni manzi okuqhutywa ngamanzi i-Epoxy
Iimpawu kunye nezicelo: Idibanisa amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni, ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali kwe-epoxy resin kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo zengubo zamanzi. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthintela amanzi kunye nokukhusela imigangatho yemizi-mveliso, iifektri zokutya, kunye nezityalo zamayeza apho kufuneka khona amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
3. Iingubo zokungangeni manzi zophahla lwesinyithi
Iimpawu kunye nezicelo: Ngokwesiqhelo iinkqubo ze-acrylic okanye ze-fluorocarbon, ezi zambatho zincamathela kakhulu, zimelana kakuhle nemozulu, zithambile, kwaye zimelana nokugqwala. Zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulungisa ukuvuza kwamalungu kunye nemingxunya yezikrufu kuphahla lwesinyithi olwenziwe ngentsimbi epeyintwe kwangaphambili.
Xa sijongene nehlabathi elahlukeneyo lezinto zokugquma amanzi, le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka ilandelwe xa ukhetha:
Imeko-bume: Qinisekisa ukuba isicelo singaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, nokuba sijonge okanye sijonge emanzini, kwaye nokuba singena emanzini angapheliyo okanye sifuma rhoqo.
I-Substrate: Qinisekisa ukuba i-substrate yikhonkrithi ezinzileyo, i-metal sheet eshukumayo lula, okanye udonga olukhaphukhaphu olunokuqhekeka.
Ukuguquka: Vavanya ukuba isakhiwo sisemngciphekweni wokuhlaliswa, ukwanda, okanye ukungcangcazela. Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu, khetha ingubo eguquguqukayo (efana ne-polyurethane okanye i-JS); ukuba usemngciphekweni omncinci, khetha ingubo eqinileyo okanye eqinileyo.
Ukhuseleko Lokusingqongileyo: Kwidama lamanzi angaphakathi nalawo okusela, khetha i-coating esekwe emanzini enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nengenatyhefu (efana ne-acrylic, i-JS, okanye i-epoxy esekwe emanzini).
Ukufaneleka: Kwizihlanganisi ezintsonkothileyo, khetha i-coating elula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inamathele kakhulu (njenge-JS okanye i-polyurethane). Kwiindawo ezinkulu nezithe tyaba, cinga nge-spray coating esebenza kakuhle.
Ngamafutshane, ukuthintela amanzi yiprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo. Izixhobo ezigqwesileyo zisisiseko kuphela. Unyango olusemgangathweni lwemaleko yesiseko, unyango olucokisekileyo lwamalungu, ubukhulu obufanelekileyo bokugquma, kunye nokugcinwa okufanelekileyo konke oku kuncedisa ekukhuselekeni okugqibeleleyo nokungangeni manzi. Ukuqonda iimpawu kunye namandla okukhusela amanzi ngakunye yindawo yokuqala yokufezekisa le njongo.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-15-2025